Cardiovascular & Circulatory

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an irregular heart rhythm, or arrhythmia, that starts in the upper parts of the heart. Normally, the heart beats in a strong, steady rhythm. AF occurs when rapid, disorganized electrical signals in the heart’s two upper chambers, called the atria, cause them to contract very fast and irregularly (this is called fibrillation). As a result, blood pools in the atria and isn’t pumped completely into the heart’s two lower chambers, called the ventricles. When this happens, the heart’s upper and lower chambers don’t work together as they should.Atrial fibrillation can also lead to heart failure or heart attack.

Blood Clot

Blood that has been converted from a liquid to a solid state inside the circulatory system poses a potential danger to the person. Stationary, a thrombus, or more simply a blood clot, is inactive. But if it moves from that location through the bloodstream it is referred to as an embolus and can potentially decrease or cut off the flow of blood to tissue, resulting in death, stroke or heart attack.

Cardiac Surgeries

One of many forms of bypass surgery that can create new routes around narrowed and blocked coronary arteries, cardiac surgeries permit increased blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. These surgeries are an option for selected groups of patients with significant narrowings and blockages of the heart arteries. The bypass graft for a Cardiopulmonary Bypass Graft (CABG) can be a vein from the leg or an inner chest-wall artery. CABG surgery is one of the most commonly performed major operations. Coronary artery disease develops because of hardening of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are any such ailments that affect the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular diseases include arteriosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, shock, endocarditis, diseases of the aorta and its branches, disorders of the peripheral vascular system and congenital heart disease.